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News US trade office names Canada, Russia, China as countries with ‘inadequate’ IP protections
US trade office names Canada, Russia, China as countries with ‘inadequate’ IP protections
Michael Kraemer
May 1, 2010 11:28:10 am

The Office of the US Trade Representative (USTR) on Friday placed Russia, China, and Canada on its Priority Watch List of 12 countries that are not adequately protecting intellectual property rights [press...

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News Former Pennsylvania judge pleads guilty in juvenile sentencing scandal
Former Pennsylvania judge pleads guilty in juvenile sentencing scandal
Michael Kraemer
April 30, 2010 04:36:24 pm

Former Pennsylvania judge Michael Conahan pleaded guilty Thursday on charges of accepting more than $2.6 million in kickbacks for sentencing teenagers to two private juvenile detention facilities in which he had a financial interest. The former president judge of...

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News Former Pennsylvania judge pleads guilty in juvenile sentencing scandal
Former Pennsylvania judge pleads guilty in juvenile sentencing scandal
Michael Kraemer
April 30, 2010 10:23:00 am

Former Pennsylvania judge Michael Conahan pleaded guilty Thursday on charges of accepting more than $2.6 million in kickbacks for sentencing teenagers to two private juvenile detention facilities in which he had a financial interest. The former president judge of...

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News HOLD Nigerian PDP chairman Ogbulafor faces curious fraud charges
HOLD Nigerian PDP chairman Ogbulafor faces curious fraud charges
Michael Kraemer
April 26, 2010 03:52:11 pm

Nigerian Federal Capital Territory High Court on Monday charged Peoples' Democratic Party (PDP) chairman Vincent Ogbulafor with a series of corruption and fraud allegations the day before an executive meeting to consider...

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News Rights group calls for inquiry into Kyrgyzstan violence
Rights group calls for inquiry into Kyrgyzstan violence
Michael Kraemer
April 21, 2010 01:14:00 pm

Human Rights Watch (HRW) on Monday urged Kyrgyzstan's interim government to begin a comprehensive investigation into the violence between April 6 and 8 that resulted in the overthrow of president Kurmanbek Bakiyev [BBC...

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News Toyota accepts record $16 million fine for safety reporting delay
Toyota accepts record $16 million fine for safety reporting delay
Michael Kraemer
April 19, 2010 02:23:00 pm

Toyota Motor Corporation on Monday accepted a record civil penalty of $16.375 million imposed by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) for a four-month delay in notifying the agency...

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News Rights groups urge Alabama to desegregate HIV-positive prisoners
Rights groups urge Alabama to desegregate HIV-positive prisoners
Michael Kraemer
April 14, 2010 01:37:00 pm

The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) and Human Rights Watch (HRW) on Wednesday called on the Alabama Department of Corrections (ADOC) to end prison segregation based on HIV status . The ACLU and HRW...

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News Karadzic fails in latest bid to delay war crimes trial
Karadzic fails in latest bid to delay war crimes trial
Michael Kraemer
April 9, 2010 08:34:00 am

The Appeals Chamber of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) on Thursday denied the latest attempt by former Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadzic to delay...

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News Rights group calls for inquiry into Yemen war crimes allegations
Rights group calls for inquiry into Yemen war crimes allegations
Michael Kraemer
April 7, 2010 02:16:00 pm

Human Rights Watch (HRW) called Wednesday for an investigation into alleged war crimes committed during the recent conflict between the government of Yemen and Shiite Huthi Rebels. According to HRW's report ,...

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News India court hears final arguments in Mumbai terror attack trial
India court hears final arguments in Mumbai terror attack trial
Michael Kraemer
March 31, 2010 12:38:00 pm

An Indian court on Wednesday heard final arguments in the trial of Mohammed Ajmal Kasab , accused of participating in the November 2008 Mumbai terrorist attacks , bringing the yearlong proceedings to a close....

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Latest DISPATCHES
Russia court sentences pro-war activist and Putin critic to six years in prison

Russia court sentences pro-war activist and Putin critic to six years in prison

Ghana dispatch: regional African court orders Ghana to respond to alleged human rights violations

Ghana dispatch: regional African court orders Ghana to respond to alleged human rights violations

Latest COMMENTARY
Speaking as Suspicion: How Immigration Enforcement Chills Free Speech

Speaking as Suspicion: How Immigration Enforcement Chills Free Speech

by Lauren Gearty and Lawrence Friedman | New England Law
After Radical Court Reform, Mexico’s Arbitration Protections Face First Major Test

After Radical Court Reform, Mexico’s Arbitration Protections Face First Major Test

by Arturo C. Porzecanski | American University
Latest FEATURES
Explainer: The judiciary corruption scandal rocking Romania

Explainer: The judiciary corruption scandal rocking Romania

One of the World’s Most Climate-Vulnerable Nations, One of the Least Prepared: Sri Lanka’s Deadly Choice

One of the World’s Most Climate-Vulnerable Nations, One of the Least Prepared: Sri Lanka’s Deadly Choice

THIS DAY @ LAW

Indian National Congress founded

The Indian National Congress (INC) was founded on December 28, 1885 in Bombay (now Mumbai), India. In subsequent decades, the so-called Congress Party would advocate for Indian independence from the UK, which was eventually achieved in 1947. The first Prime Minister of independent India, Jawaharlal Nehru, was elected as a member of the INC. Learn more about the history and founding of the Indian National Congress.

Congress recognized Pledge of Allegiance

On December 28, 1945, Congress officially recognized the Pledge of Allegiance and encouraged its recitation in schools. The Pledge was supposedly written in 1892 by Francis Bellamy, a Baptist minister, to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Columbus Day. The words “under God” were added by Congress in 1954. The revised version of the Pledge was the subject of litigation before the United States Supreme Court originally brought by Michael Newdow, a parent who unsuccessfully objected to his daughter's school district policy requiring daily recitation of the Pledge. The court ruled that Newdow had no standing.

Nepal ends monarchy, establishes republic

On December 28, 2007, the Kingdom of Nepal's interim parliament ended the country's monarchy and established the Republic of Nepal. Free elections were held on April 10 of the following year to elect a Constituent Assembly.

Learn more about the rise of democracy in Nepal.

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