The UN office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights published a press release Tuesday on the impact that the conflict in the Middle East is having on the civilians globally, warning of direct and indirect harms created by continued military action.

“The strikes against vital civilian infrastructure in the Middle East—as well as the widening geographic spread of strikes—are further increasing risks for populations across the region, and beyond,” Human Rights Chief Volker Türk said.

Türk expressed concern for environmental and health impacts, especially due to oil fires.  He called for legal scrutiny of attacks that have led to these “foreseeable” impacts. He also reminded nations that they are bound by the laws of war, which call for protection of civilians and civilian infrastructure during military conflict.

According to the Iranian Red Crescent Society’s published emergency appeal Sunday, military action in Iran has killed at least 1,332 people, injured approximately 787, and airstrikes have damaged roughly 6,668 civilian structures. Transportation networks, communications systems, and health services have all been disrupted.

The World Health Organization (WHO) published a statement Wednesday estimating that more than 100,000 people in Iran have relocated to other areas within the country to escape insecurity, while a total of 3.2 million are believed to be displaced. Additionally, 700,000 people in Lebanon have been internally displaced. The release stated that water desalination and fuel facilities in Iran were hit over the weekend, resulting in oil spills and fires in roadside drainage lines. At least 30 villages have experienced water access disruption.

The WHO also stressed that ongoing petroleum fires and smoke from damaged infrastructure have exposed civilians to pollutants-—toxic hydrocarbons, sulphur oxides and nitrogen compounds–in air, food, and water. The report warned of “black rain” or “acid rain” that reportedly covered skies over Tehran following strikes on oil depots. The Iranian Environmental Protection Organization urged people to remain indoors and to rinse skin immediately if it comes in contact with “black rain,” as it can cause chemical burns and severe lung damage. 

In addition to the people who are directly affected by the strikes and environmental fallout, the UN release noted particular effects the conflict is having on migrant workers in the Gulf region, people who rely on commercial shipping activity across the Strait of Hormuz, and countries sensitive to oil price surges.

Türk additionally expressed concern for people who have been detained and charged over their expressions of opinions concerning the conflict in the Middle East.