The UN office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights published a press release Tuesday exposing the impact that the conflict in the Middle East has on the civilians globally, warning of direct and indirect harms created by continued military action.

“The strikes against vital civilian infrastructure in the Middle East – as well as the widening geographic spread of strikes – are further increasing risks for populations across the region, and beyond,” Human Rights Chief Volker Türk said.

Türk expressed concern for civilian and environmental health, which are at risk due to oil fires, and called for legal scrutiny of attacks that have led to these “foreseeable” impacts. He also reminded nations that they are bound by laws of war, which call for protection civilians and civilian infrastructure during military conflict.

According to the Iranian Red Crescent Society’s published emergency appeal Sunday, military action in Iran has killed at least 1,332 people, injured approximately 787, and airstrikes have damaged roughly 6,668 civilian infrastructures. Transportation networks, communications systems, and health services have all been disrupted.

The World Health Organization (WHO) published a statement Wednesday estimating that more than 100,000 people in Iran and 700,000 people in Lebanon have been internally displaced. The release stated that water desalination and fuel facilities were hit over the weekend, resulting in oil spills and fires in roadside drainage lines. At least 30 villages have experienced water access disruption.

Compounding damage in civilian areas, environmental deterioration reportedly presents an imminent risk. WHO highlighted that ongoing petroleum fires and smoke from damaged infrastructure have exposed civilians to toxic pollutants–toxic hydrocarbons, sulphur oxides and nitrogen compounds–in air, food, and water. The report warned of “black rain” or “acid rain” that reportedly covered skies over Tehran following strikes on oil depots. The Iranian Environmental Protection Organization urged people to remain indoors and to rinse skin immediately if it comes in contact with “black rain,” as it can cause chemical burns and severe lung damage. 

In addition to the people who are directly affected by the strikes and environmental fallout, the UN release noted effects the conflict has on migrant workers in the Gulf region, people who rely on commercial shipping activity across the Strait of Hormuz, and countries sensitive to oil price surges.

Türk additionally expressed concern for people who are repressed, detained, and charged over their expressions of opinions concerning the conflict in the Middle East.