On October 10, Dina Boluarte Medina, then serving as President of Perú, was removed from office after the Congress of the Republic approved a presidential vacancy motion accusing her of moral “incapacity” amid a deepening crisis of organized crime and insecurity across the country.

The removal began on October 9, when various groups of legislators submitted four separate vacancy motions—Nos. 19769, 19770, 19771, and 19772—supported by different parliamentary blocs. Congress admitted the motions on the same day, following the debate in a semi-presential session, during which it was agreed that the vote would take place that same night at 11:30 p.m.

In accordance with the Congress’ Constitutional framework and regulations, Dina Boluarte Medina was summoned to exercise her right to defense at the same time as the scheduled vote. Despite receiving official notice, the former president did not attend the session.

In an X post, Boluarte’s attorney Juan Carlos Portugal argued that the Congress’s actions, as reflected in its summons, violated due process, as his client had not been granted sufficient time to prepare her defense. He stated: “Today, the national parliament, that democratic forum of debate par excellence, has renounced this guarantee and will consummate its violation. Due process is a right, not an illusion, a decorative act, or a mere formality. WE WILL NOT VALIDATE IT!”

Near the end of the session, the motions were approved with 121 votes, sealing the president’s removal from office. The resolution issued by Congress contained two articles: the first declared Dina Boluarte to be in a state of permanent moral “incapacity,” and the second formalized her vacancy in accordance with the Perú’s Political Constitution.

Following her removal, Congress invoked the presidential line of succession—outlined in Article 115 of Perú’s Political Constitution—which establishes the order of officials authorized to assume office in the event of a president’s “incapacity.” Under this process, the President of Congress, José Enrique Jerí Oré, assumed the Presidency of the Republic, just as Boluarte herself had done earlier when she succeeded former President Pedro Castillo following his removal.

Dina Boluarte’s removal occurred amid widespread social unrest, marked by public criticism and protests over rising crime and a growing sense of insecurity across the country. This unrest was compounded by an overwhelming loss of public confidence, reflected in a Datum International poll showing a 93% disapproval rating of her administration.