On September 24, 1789, Congress instituted a three-tiered federal judicial structure topped by a Supreme Court with the passage of "An Act to establish the Judicial Courts of the United States", later known as the Judiciary Act of 1789. Learn more about the Act from the National Archives.

On September 24, 1664, the Netherlands surrendered New Amsterdam to Great Britain, which changed the city's name to New York. Learn more about New Amsterdam from the New Amsterdam Project.