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News Ecuador president refuses resignation in face of protests, impeachment threats
Ecuador president refuses resignation in face of protests, impeachment threats
D. Wes Rist
April 20, 2005 10:18:00 am

Ecuador President Lucio Gutierrez says he is not even considering resigning, despite massive civil unrest and threats of impeachment aimed at his administration. Gutierrez has faced increasing civilian protests against his government, especially since his announcement of...

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News Legal challenge to UK postal voting system could delay May 5 elections
Legal challenge to UK postal voting system could delay May 5 elections
D. Wes Rist
April 20, 2005 10:18:00 am

A legal challenge to the UK postal voting system set for Thursday could delay the scheduled May 5 national elections . John Hemming, deputy leader of Birmingham city council, is filing the High...

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News Spain divided over pardons for Franco victims
Spain divided over pardons for Franco victims
D. Wes Rist
April 20, 2005 09:56:00 am

Political parties in Spain are in an uproar after the ruling Socialist Party Wednesday initiated a process for officially pardoning victims of former fascist Spanish dictator Generalissimo Francisco Franco Bahamonde . Franco signed orders for...

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News Iraq assembly wants US soldier prosecuted for mistreating lawmaker at checkpoint
Iraq assembly wants US soldier prosecuted for mistreating lawmaker at checkpoint
D. Wes Rist
April 20, 2005 09:36:00 am

The Iraqi Interim National Assembly Wednesday demanded prosecution of a US soldier and an apology from the American Embassy after representative Fattah al-Sheik tearfully described being handcuffed and humiliated at a US checkpoint. Al-Sheik, a...

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News Utah passes education bill challenging No Child Left Behind
Utah passes education bill challenging No Child Left Behind
D. Wes Rist
April 20, 2005 09:11:00 am

The Utah Legislature passed House Bill 1001 Tuesday directing state education officials to comply with state education goals before they consider the provisions of the federal No Child Left Behind legislation. Utah...

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News Rice calls for Russia to improve democratic development
Rice calls for Russia to improve democratic development
Jeannie Shawl
April 20, 2005 08:03:00 am

Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice said Wednesday that Russian needs to increase its democratic development in order for the US-Russia relationship to deepen. In an interview with Russian radio station Ekho Moskvy, Rice said...

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News UPDATE ~ Bolton vote postponed to next month after Republican senator balks
UPDATE ~ Bolton vote postponed to next month after Republican senator balks
Jeannie Shawl
April 20, 2005 07:38:00 am

Following up on a story reported yesterday afternoon on JURIST's Paper Chase, the Senate Foreign Relations Committee late Thursday postponed until next month its scheduled confirmation vote on the nomination of John Bolton as US...

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News Legal agenda and live webcasts ~ Wednesday, April 20
Legal agenda and live webcasts ~ Wednesday, April 20
Chris Buell
April 20, 2005 12:01:00 am

Here's a run-down of law-related events, expected developments and live webcasts on JURIST's docket for Wednesday, April 20.The US Supreme Court hears oral arguments in two cases beginning at 10 AM ET today. In the first, Merck...

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News Bolton vote stalled in Senate committee
Bolton vote stalled in Senate committee
Chris Buell
April 19, 2005 04:50:00 pm

The Senate Foreign Relations Committee remained stalled Tuesday afternoon on a confirmation vote for US ambassador to the UN nominee John R. Bolton . Republicans continued to move toward a vote on the nomination despite attempts...

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News Environmental brief ~ Federal judge upholds DC hazmat rail ban
Environmental brief ~ Federal judge upholds DC hazmat rail ban
Tom Henry
April 19, 2005 04:14:00 pm

In Tuesday's environmental law news, US District Judge Emmet Sullivan has refused to block a Washington DC law that bans the shipment of hazardous materials on railroads through the city. He also held yesterday...

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Latest DISPATCHES
Russia court sentences pro-war activist and Putin critic to six years in prison

Russia court sentences pro-war activist and Putin critic to six years in prison

Ghana dispatch: regional African court orders Ghana to respond to alleged human rights violations

Ghana dispatch: regional African court orders Ghana to respond to alleged human rights violations

Latest COMMENTARY
Speaking as Suspicion: How Immigration Enforcement Chills Free Speech

Speaking as Suspicion: How Immigration Enforcement Chills Free Speech

by Lauren Gearty and Lawrence Friedman | New England Law
After Radical Court Reform, Mexico’s Arbitration Protections Face First Major Test

After Radical Court Reform, Mexico’s Arbitration Protections Face First Major Test

by Arturo C. Porzecanski | American University
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Explainer: The judiciary corruption scandal rocking Romania

Explainer: The judiciary corruption scandal rocking Romania

One of the World’s Most Climate-Vulnerable Nations, One of the Least Prepared: Sri Lanka’s Deadly Choice

One of the World’s Most Climate-Vulnerable Nations, One of the Least Prepared: Sri Lanka’s Deadly Choice

THIS DAY @ LAW

Indian National Congress founded

The Indian National Congress (INC) was founded on December 28, 1885 in Bombay (now Mumbai), India. In subsequent decades, the so-called Congress Party would advocate for Indian independence from the UK, which was eventually achieved in 1947. The first Prime Minister of independent India, Jawaharlal Nehru, was elected as a member of the INC. Learn more about the history and founding of the Indian National Congress.

Congress recognized Pledge of Allegiance

On December 28, 1945, Congress officially recognized the Pledge of Allegiance and encouraged its recitation in schools. The Pledge was supposedly written in 1892 by Francis Bellamy, a Baptist minister, to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Columbus Day. The words “under God” were added by Congress in 1954. The revised version of the Pledge was the subject of litigation before the United States Supreme Court originally brought by Michael Newdow, a parent who unsuccessfully objected to his daughter's school district policy requiring daily recitation of the Pledge. The court ruled that Newdow had no standing.

Nepal ends monarchy, establishes republic

On December 28, 2007, the Kingdom of Nepal's interim parliament ended the country's monarchy and established the Republic of Nepal. Free elections were held on April 10 of the following year to elect a Constituent Assembly.

Learn more about the rise of democracy in Nepal.

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